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Record W2355327783

Energy in flux: the 21st century’s greatest challenge

2008· article· en· W2355327783 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Usa L

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Petroleum Economics · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicGlobal Energy Security and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIncentiveSustainable developmentGovernment (linguistics)PoliticsEconomicsTerrorismLevel playing fieldBusinessEconomic systemMarket economyPolitical science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The global geography of is in the midst of a transformation, with the Saudi-Caspian-Siberia-Canada Axis poised to drive the energy of geopoliticsduring the twenty- first century. The game of old will become the and game-or, more likely, the gas and oil game . By seizing this opportunity, it may be possible to usher in a new era of market-driven innovation in alternative energy, conservation, sustainable development and international cooperation. More than just secure supplies, the meaning of energy security now embraces political, environmental, infrastructure and even terrorism concerns, as well as sustainable development and climate change. As the world enters a new era, the United States must take the lead. Any effective solution will have to reform demand as well as boosting supply. We need a series of technologies for a variety of markets on both the supply and the demand ends in order to meet social and economic needs in the process of achieving broader goals. Developing and developed nations alike must first of all come to a consensus on the need for new technology. They have to address the critical issues through some form of international cooperation and create the necessary policy incentives for change. On the new playing field, policy will set the boundaries, regulation will create the rules, government authorities will serve as the referees, and the market will determine prices, as well as the winners and losers in the game.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.985
Threshold uncertainty score0.995

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.221
Teacher spread0.203 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2008
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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