Serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in type 2 diabetic patients with cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To determine the relationship between serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients,and to analyze the factors that influence cognitive function.Methods 112 type 2 diabetic patients were selected as the investigation object,and 100 normal participants whose age,sex and educated degree had no significant differences with type 2 diabetic patients were selected as the control group(P0.05).According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) scores,type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups,one group including 32 cases with cognitive impairment,the other one with 80 patients with non-cognitive impairment.Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in all subjects.Fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,blood lipids,BMI,blood pressure and other biochemical indicators were measured in all subjects.Result Compared with the non-cognitive impairment group and diabetic course,fasting blood glucose,HbA1C,insulin treatment and BMI were significantly different in the cognitive impairment group(P0.05).The levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in the cognitive impairment group were higher than those in the non-cognitive impairment group and the control group(P0.01).MoCA scores of patients with type 2 diabetes negatively correlated with age,duration of diabetes,fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,low-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,body mass index,and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α(r=-0.349,-0.438,-0.415,-0.397,-0.193,-0.259,-0.221,-0.938,-0.881,all P0.05).And MoCA scores of patients with type 2 diabetes positively correlated with educated degree(r =0.192,P0.05).Conclusion Increased serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels may be an important risk factor for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients.It is suggested that inflammatory reaction may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive impairment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".