Research progress and application prospect of Airy beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last half-dozen years, Airy beams have attracted a great deal of interests due to their non-diffraction, self-bending and self- healing properites. These beams arise from the solution of the paraxial wave equation, with their optical field distribution expressed by the Airy function. In recent years, research on Airy beams has spanned from theory to experiment, from linear to nonlinear regimes, and from fundamental understanding to application potentials. Thus far, Airy beams have been proposed and highly touted for applications in a variety of areas including optical micro-particles manipulation, generation of optical bullets, generation of curved plasma channels, routing of surface plasmon polaritons, creating curved electron beams without any external field, and formation of Airy beam lasers, to name just a few. These promising applications have further advanced the research associated to self-accerlating beams into one of the hot and dynamically changing areas at the frontier of optics and interdisciplinary sciences. This paper briefly reviews the recent development of Airy beams from three aspects: theory, experiment and application, along with the discussion about future directions of Airy-beam related research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".