Future Income Expectations and Life Satisfaction of China's Rural Urban Migrant Workers——An Empirical Study on the Migrant Workers in Shanghai and Other 11 Cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
China's rural urban migrant workers have always been an important engine which drives China's fast growing economy.Although the living and working conditions of them are poor,why do they still choose to stay in the cities? By using data of large-scale survey administered across 12 cities in 2005,and examining the determinants of the life satisfaction of the workers,we find out that future income expectation is an important determinant of their life satisfaction.This means that many migrant workers are optimistic about their future income and even their living conditions,which exerts positive influence on their life satisfaction and happiness at present.This finding has important implications for the economic growth and the social economic stability in China given that maintaining the social economic stability is important to maintain China's high rate of economic growth,and positive future income expectation is has great significance in maintaining the social economic stability during times of economic transition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".