Typical organochlorine pesticides residues in topsoils and ecological risk of Lanzhou surrounding areas,China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
16 topsoil samples were collected in Lanzhou and the surrounding areas.The HCH and DDT residues in these samples were determined using Agilent 7890-5975C GC-MSD.The possible sources and ecological risk of HCHs and DDTs were appointed and assessed preliminarily.The results showed that the OCP residue levels were in the range of 8.22×10-2—4.49 ng · g-1 for HCHs and 1.41×10-1—120 ng · g-1 for DDTs in the topsoil,respectively.And the average concentrations were 6.85×10-1 ng · g-1 for HCHs and 16.9 ng · g-1 for DDTs.These study results also showed that DDTs was dominant in topsoil of surrounding areas,accounting for 96% of the total residues of HCHs and DDTs.Furthermore,ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH ranged from 0.18 to 14,with an average of 2.8,while ratios of(DDE+DDD)/DDT were from 0.067 to 0.69,with a mean value of 0.30,and o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT were from 0.091 to 2.8,with a mean value of 0.60 in the surrounding areas of Lanzhou.The results indicated that the sources of HCHs were from the technical HCHs and Lindane,and the long-range atmospheric transport;DDT residues were mainly from technical DDTs.Compared with the levels of soil in other regions and China′s Environment Quality Standard for Soils(GB15618—1995),the topsoil burden of HCHs and DDTs in surrounding areas of Lanzhou was lower.The ecological risk of HCH residue in topsoil of surrounding areas of Lanzhou was low,and DDTs might have certain ecological risks on geobiont and birds,while its risk was low on mammal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".