Preparation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Neem Oil Alkyd Resin and Its Application as Binder in Oil-Based Paint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neem oil Alkyd resin (NOAR) was synthesized by alcoholysis and polycondensation using glycerol and phthalic anhydride respectively at 230-250°C. The alkyd resin was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, viscometry, solubility in various solvents and antimicrobial activity against some selected bacterial species. FT-IR analyses indicated the successful synthesis of alkyd resin as also evident from titrimetric determination of acid number of the mixture which decreases as the reaction progresses. Microbiological analyses of the resin show that it is active against some selected bacterial specie particularly at concentrations of 100 and 50mg/ml in DMSO. The synthesized resin was used as binder in the formulation of oil-based paints using varying resin concentration i.e. 0, 10, and 20% w/v. The prepared paints were found to have excellent fastness properties to light, water, alkali but poor to xylene. The results obtained suggested that NOAR can serve as binder with potential applications in the production of antimicrobial paints.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".