Multiple myeloma in a dog: a typical presentation with an atypical serum protein electrophoretogram
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A nine‐year‐old spayed female labrador retriever presented with marked paraparesis. Radiographic imaging revealed regions of osteolysis within the spinous process of the L1 vertebra and the lamina and pedicles of the T13 vertebra. Cytological examination of the bone marrow exhibited a marked increase in plasma cells; histopathology of a core needle biopsy from the L1 spinous process revealed normal bone marrow findings with only scattered plasma cells. The serum biochemical profile demonstrated multiple abnormalities, some of which are frequently observed in cases of multiple myeloma such as hypercalcaemia and hyperglobulinemia. Initial serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) exhibited a tall, narrow peak of the β‐1 region superimposed onto a broad total β globulin base. The SPE also demonstrated a second α‐2 spike and low γ fraction. Although a urinalysis revealed a significant proteinuria, the patient lacked a Bence Jones proteinuria. The combined diagnostic workup was consistent with multiple myeloma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".