Clinical and histopathological features in inverted follicular keratosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background : Inverted follicular keratosis has distinctive histopathological features and is infrequently encountered by dermatologists. To date, the pathogenesis of inverted follicular keratosis has not been elucidated. Many authors have suggested several theories for the nature of inverted follicualr keratosis including verruca vulgaris with squamous eddies, irritated seborrheic keratosis and distinctive follicular tumors. There are no comprehensive studies about the clinical and histopathological features of inverted follicular keratosis in Korea. Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and histopathological findings of inverted follicular keratosis with literature review. Methods : We studied 14 patients with inverted follicular keratosis for clinical features including the duration of the disease, the location and size of the lesions, the clinical impressions at the first visit and we made a record of the patients' age and sex, histopathological findings. Results : 1. Eight of the 14 patients were male and the ages ranged from 40 to 83 years (mean 59.3 years). The lesions were situated on the face(5/14), scalp(3/14), abdomen(2/14), hand(2/14), buttocks(1/14), shin(1/14). The average size of the lesions was 1.38cm. 2. Seborrheic keratosis was the most common clinical diagnosis(6/14), followed by verruca vulgaris(4/14), cutaneous horn(1/14), melanoma(1/14), soft fibroma(1/14) and pigmented nevus(1/14). 3. Solid and nodular types were the most common histopathological type(7/14), followed by keratoacanthoma-like type(5/14), filiform or wart like type(2/14). Conclusion : Inverted follicular keratosis have unusual clinical and histopathological features. We recommend that verrucous plaque lesions should be diagnosed correctly by histopathologic examination and it may be helpful to avoid inappropriate therapeutic approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".