The Challenge of Home for Sexual Orientation and Gendered Identity Refugees in Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research on refugees and asylum seekers often focusses on the fraught and complex relations between homelands or nations of origin, and the new home or country of refuge, and asks important questions about the meaning(s) of home and its relationship to practices of identity, space, and belonging. The Canadian refugee determination system, however, requires a narrative where Canada plays the role of the “liberation nation.” For sexual orientation and gendered identity (SOGI) refugee claimants, this narrative focusses on homo/transphobia in their former home spaces, and movement towards a new national homeland where their sexual or gendered orientation is accepted and protected. In interviews with SOGI refugee claimants in Toronto, the “migration-to-liberation nation” narrative is articulated by most claimants, which may be due in part to their investment in articulating a narrative that meets homonormative definitions of SOGI refugee identity produced in and through the refugee determination system. Despite the possibly strategic claim to be grateful for a new home where one’s gendered or sexual orientation is accepted and protected, most interviewees also continue to communicate with friends and family in their countries of origin and have intense, complex feelings about their former homeland(s). This essay explores these diverse discourses, experiences, and meanings of home for SOGI refugees; it argues for a fluid conceptualization of homing that recognizes simultaneous, complex attachments to multiple homes constituted across transnational fields and resists homonormative discourses that forge privileged chains of attachment between nation, desire, and identity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".