Soil Physical Quality of Brazilian Crop Management Systems Evaluated with Aid of Penetrometer
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p>Crop management affects soil attributes as well as its quality. We evaluated the following soil physical attributes: saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>0</sub>), soil resistance (RP) and soil bulk density (BD), in Araras-SP, Brazil. Areas with sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em>), soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>), physic nut (<em>Jatropha curcas</em> L.) and native forest presented an increase of soil compaction in the 0.10 m surface layer for the three attributes in a following order: native forest &lt;physic nut <strong>&lt;</strong> soybean &lt; sugarcane. Significant regressions were obtained for RP × K<sub>0</sub>; BD × K<sub>0</sub> and BD × RP. Penetrometer measurements were essential to indicate differences among areassugarcane, native forest, physic nut and soybean; but for the measurements of K<sub>0</sub>, only between sugarcane and native forest. RP measurements confirm anthropogenic changes in the soil profile up to the 0.3 m depth. In the “Canarache soil resistance classification” soils showed “low resistance” “without limitations to root development” for native forest and physic nut; “medium resistance” for soybean area with “some limitations to root development” and “high resistance” for sugarcane with “limitations to root development”. The use of penetrometers is discussed in relation to the readiness of field measurements.</p>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it