Bibliographic record
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions(CO2,CH4 and N2O) under 5 treatments,including conventional tillage,no-tillage with low stubble and low mulch,no-tillage with high stubble and low mulch,no-tillage with low stubble and high mulch,and no-tillage with high stubble and high mulch,were determined using static gas cases on oat production field before seed sowing,during growth,and after harvest.The results showed: CO2 emission fluxes followed a single peak curve,and the peak appeared at the seedling stage.CH4 fluxes were mostly negative,indicating there was a net absorption.Unobvious trend was observed for N2O emission.Of all the 5 treatments,CH4 and CO2 fluxes were descended in an order of conventional tillage,no-tillage with low stubble and low mulch,no-tillage with high stubble and low mulch,no-tillage with low stubble and high mulch,and no-tillage with high stubble and high mulch.N2O and CO2 presented an opposite trend in emission.The integrated emission effects of greenhouse gases were similar to CO2.Coverage with stubbles under no-tillage reduced CO2 emission and CH4 absorption,increased N2O emissions,and greenhouse gas emissions were also increased.But more studies are still warranted to investigate the long-term effects of the different treatments on greenhouse gas emissions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".