Study of the relationship between cognitive function and hippocampus metabolic changes in patients with leukoaraiosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and hippocampus metabolic changes measured by 1H ⁃ magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H ⁃ MRS) in patients with leukoaraiosis. Methods One hundred and eight patients with hypomnesis were recruited. There was 54 cases in leukoaraiosis (LA) group and also 54 in non⁃leukoaraiosis (non⁃LA) group. Mini⁃ Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Wechsler Memory Scale⁃Chinese Revised (WMS⁃CR) were used for assessment. A 3.0T MR was used for STEAM 1H⁃MRS analysis. The value of N⁃acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), myoinositol (mI), choline⁃containing compounds (Cho) and glutamate complex⁃ α (Glx⁃ α) were measured in the left hippocampus. The ratio including NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, Cho/Cr and Glx⁃α/Cr were calculated. The differences between two groups were compared. Results Both MMSE and MoCA scores (24.00 and 16.50) in LA group were significantly lower than those in non⁃LA group (27.00 and 21.00) (P = 0.000). In MoCA, the scores of LA group and non⁃LA group were as follow: 1.00 and 3.00 in visuospatial execution, 4.00 and 5.00 in attention, 1.00 and 2.00 in language, 0.00 and 2.00 in delayed recall (P < 0.05). In WMS⁃CR, immediate memory scores (5.06 ± 2.86) and short⁃term memory scores (32.76 ± 13.31) of LA group were lower than those in the non⁃LA group which were (7.68 ± 4.41) and (46.95 ± 14.81) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was shown in NAA/Cr, mI/Cr, Cho/Cr and Glx⁃α/Cr ratio among two groups. Conclusion Leukoaraiosis may damage cognitive function, mainly in visual execution, attention, language and memory (especially immediate memory and short⁃term memory). No metabolic change in hippocampus via 1H⁃MRS scan was found between LA group and non⁃LA group. No relation between these changes and left hippocampus metabolic changes was seen. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2011.06.009
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".