Multiple-model pain control methods for perioperative pain relief after unilateral total knee arthroplasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study is to evaluate the method and the effect of multimodal analgesia during perioperative period.Methods Sixty patients with the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee joint who underwent total knee arthroplasty,were included in this study.They were randomly divided into three groups.Group A patients (n=20) only received postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA);Group B patients (n=20) received preoperative multimodal analgesia and received postoperative PCIA;Group C patients (n=20) received periopertive multimodal analgesia but did not receive postoperative PCIA.The consumption of analgesic was measured at different time-points during the twenty-four hours postoperative period.Postoperative visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and satisfaction,the patient gross satisfaction scales (GSS),the verbal rating scale scores of the overall pain intensity and all the side effects,functional rehabilitation and scores according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were recorded.Results (1) The VAS scores,2-8 h for pain at rest,the overall pain intensity were similarly between Group C and Group B (P0.05),but significantly lower than Group A;the GSS and the degree of passive activity 2 and 14 day after operative were similarly between Group C and Group B (P0.05),but significantly higher than Group A (P0.05).(2) The Group C had a significantly lower consumption of mrophine than that of Group A and Group B.(3) There was no difference in the range of motion six weeks after operation and the WOMAC score three months after operation among the three Groups.(4) The incidence of nausea,vomit and urine retention were lower in Group C than in Group A and Group B (P0.05).Conclusions Perioperative multimodal analgesia can reduce the overall pain intensity,enhance the GSS,make PCA unnecessary and it will reduce the side effects of PCIA.it can improve the range of passive activity 2-14 d postoperative,and advance rehabilitation.But the range of passive activity 3 month postoperative and the WOMAC were not different.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".