Miniaturized Tapered Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Enhanced Refractive Index Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Miniaturized Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is constructed using sharply tapered photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for highly sensitive ambient refractive index (RI) measurement. The sensor is fabricated by fusion splicing a small stub of PCF between standard single-mode fibers with fully collapsed air holes of the PCF in a splicing region. The influence of sharp tapering of the PCF is then studied using two different hydrogen flame diameters of 1 and 3.5 mm at the tip. Tiny flame geometry enables the sharp tapering of the PCF for a short fiber length and provides higher RI sensitivity. It appears that sharp tapering has a greater impact on RI sensitivity enhancement compared with decrease in taper waist diameter. The MZI with the taper waist diameter of 65 μm and the length of 3.8 mm offers an RI sensitivity of 334.03, 673.91, and 1426.70 nm/RIU within the RI range of 1.3327-1.3634, 1.3634-1.3917, and 1.3917-1.4204, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".