NEW MATERIAL OF FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS MULING FORMATION OF THE JIXI BASIN, EASTERN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Early Cretaceous flora from the Muling Formation of the Jixi Basin, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China comprises 38 species, so far as known, belonging to 31 genera of high plants, of which 23 species of 22 genera are described here. The angiospermous leaves Asiatefolium elegans and Dicotylophyllum sp. are found in the Muling Formation for the first time. Cuticles of Tyrmia sp., Nilssoniopteris sp., Ginkgoites cf. sibirica, Sphenobaiera sp., Elatocladus manchurica are studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The flora is mainly composed of leptosporangiate ferns and gymnosperms. Most of them occurred in the Lower Cretaceous. The geological age of the Muling Formation and its flora may be Barremian and probably middle Barremian early Aptian. No representatives of gymnosperms with needle like leaves have been found in this flora. The occurrence of abundant tropical or subtropical type ferns implies a warm and humid climate dominating over the area. On the other hand, some deciduous gymnosperms including Ginkgoales, and the presence of growth rings in the fossil secondary wood, indicate seasonal changes. Paleophytogeographically, the flora belongs to the Early Cretaceous Siberian or Canada Siberian province.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".