Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of Rongcheng Swan Lake of China.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rongcheng Swan Lake,a natural shallow lagoons,is located at the eastern end of Shandong Province,and is connected to the Rongcheng Bay through a narrow channel in southeast lake.The ecological environment in Swan Lake wetland has been destroyed due to the over-exploitation and wastewater discharge during the past few decades.Lake sediments play an important role in the assessment of heavy metal contamination in most lakes.In the present study,surface sediment samples were collected from 20 sites in the whole lake in 2009.Heavy metals,organic matter concentrations and grain sizes in sediments were measured to study the distribution of heavy metals and its affecting factors,and environmental quality of sediments was evaluated also in Swan Lake.The results showed that heavy metal concentrations of sediments were low,and levels of Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn were superior to the national primary standard of marine sediment quality.Slight contamination was observed in Cr and Pb in Swan Lake.The concentrations of Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,Cu and Zn changed at the range of 0~0.84,1.75~116.11,1.50~29.06,17.36~27.25,2.00~34.98 mg.kg-1 and 11.48~92.61 mg.kg-1 respectively,and the mean concentrations followed a order of FeMnZnCrPbCu、NiCd.The accumulation of heavy metal had a close relationship with sediment sizes and anthropogenic load in this area.For the most elements,high levels were found in the sediments of central and northwest part of the study area,where grain sizes of sediments were fine and external pollution was serious respectively;while low concentrations were found in those of the southeast area.The correlation among heavy metals was very good,and a highly significant correlation was observed among Cd,Cu,Mn,Zn and Fe,whose spatial distributions were similar.Heavy metals had a significant positive correlation with organic matter and clay concentrations,and a significant negative correlation with sand concentrations.According to the evaluation standard of sediments made in Canada,the potential ecological risk of Cr in sediments was high in Rongcheng Swan Lake.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".