Comparison of Reliability of ~(13)C-Urea Breath Tests Using Two Different Reagents for Clinical Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
13C-Urea breath test (13C-UBT) is a kind of rapid, uninvasive test with high sensitivity and specificity for clinical diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori () infection. 13C-labelled urea imported from Canada has been permitted by the State Food and Drug Administration to be used in 13C-UBT in clinic. Aims: Compared with the reagent imported from Canada, to evaluate the reliability of 13C-UBT using 13C-labelled urea produced by Isotec Company in USA for clinical diagnosis of infection. Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients having upper gastrointestinal symptoms and receiving endoscopy were randomly divided into group A and B. status was assessed by rapid urease test (RUT), histology and culture of antral biopsy specimens. Patients were defined as positive for if at least two of the above three tests were positive or only the culture was positive, and as negative for H. pylori if all three tests were negative. The result was then used as gold standard for the diagnosis of infection. 13C-UBT was also performed for patients of the two groups, using two types of 13C-labelled urea imported from Canada (group A) and produced by Isotec Company in USA (group B), respectively. According to the gold standard, the accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two groups were calculated and compared, respectively. Results: The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV in the diagnosis of infection were 92.8%, 94.1%, 90.9%, 94.1% and 90.9%, respectively in group A, and 98.3%, 96.9%, 100%, 100% and 96.3%, respectively in group B. No significant difference was found between the two groups. Conclusions: The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in both group A and B are high. The clinical diagnosis of infection using 13C-UBT with 13C-labelled urea produced by Isotec Company in USA is proven to be reliable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".