The pollution character of HCHs and DDTs in pine needles in Changping,Beijing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work,pine needle samples of two kinds of pine trees,Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) and lacebark pine(Pinus bungeana) ,from Changping District,Beijing were analyzed to observe the pollution characteristic of HCHs and DDTs. Pine needle samples were collected in January,2006. The concentrations of HCHs(∑HCHs) in pine needles were comparable to that in Europe pine needles in 1990's. ∑DDTs were higher than that in Europe. ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs were less than that of American pine needles in 1980's,but higher than that of pine needles in Himalayas,China in 2005,also higher than that of pine needles from mountainous area in Italy and Canada. The significant decrease of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in pine needles in Changping from mid-1980s to the present indicated an obvious effect of implementation of the policy forbidding the production and use of OCPs in China since 1983. Year-to-year accumulation of OCPs in the foliage of evergreen trees was observed,characterized by occurrence of non-linearity,while accumulation rates decreased with each year. The annual variation of the isomers of OCPs in pine needles showed that α-HCH and P,P′-DDE increased,whereas P,P′-DDT decreased. The results indicated that the technical HCH and P,P′-DDT has been stopped or significantly reduced in use,but there was a new input of O,P′-DDT in recent years in this area,dicofol usage may be the main source.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it