A Study of Water Chemistry and Aerosol at the Headwaters of the rümqi River in the Tianshan Mountains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aerosol, precipitation, snow and runoff samples were collected from the headwaters of the urumqi River from May to June 1996. The measurement of major anions and cations (Cl - , NO\+- 3, SO\+\{2-\} 4, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , NH\++ 4), and pH has been made for these samples, except that ammonium has not been done for precipitation samples. pH measurements show that snow and precipitation samples are near to neutral while runoff samples are slightly alkaline. It is found that the sum of measured cations is 2 to 8 fold of measured anions in equivalent unit for aerosol, precipitation, snow and runoff samples. The fact that the measured cations in aerosol exceed the measured anions also suggests that the atmosphere is alkaline over the glacier. According to the previous studies over this area, the missing anion is assumed to be bicarbonate. Thus, bicarbonate and calcium are the dominant anion and cation, respectively, for aerosol, precipitation, snow and runoff samples in this area. The total ionic concentration in various waters is in the order: runoff below the Glacier No. 1runoff at the control pointrunoff below the ice free cirqueprecipitationsnow. However, the order of the concentration for different ions is not the same for these waters and aerosol, e.g., Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + K + NH\++ 4 for snow and runoff samples, Ca 2+ Na + Mg 2+ K + for aerosol and precipitation samples, while HCO\+- 3SO\+\{2-\} 4 Cl - NO\+- 3 for aerosol, precipitation, runoff below the Glacier No. 1 and at the control point, HCO\+- 3Cl - SO\+\{2-\} 4NO\+- 3 for snow and below the ice free cirque. Through the comparison of ionic concentration in different waters, the effect of some processes, such as wet deposition, dry deposition, preferential elution etc, on the certain ionic concentration in the waters is revealed. For example, preferential elution results in lower concentration of SO\+\{2-\} 4 and NO\+- 3 and dry deposition enhances concentration of Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and K + in snow.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".