Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: Results from a 3-year controlled study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon beta- 1b (IFNβ - 1b) in subjects with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). Methods: This 3- year, multicenter, double- blind, placebo- controlled, randomized trial of IFNβ - 1b included 939 subjects from the United States and Canada with SPMS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ranging from 3.0 to 6.5. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or IFNβ - 1b (250 μ g or 160 μ g/m2 body surface area), administered subcutaneously every other day. The primary outcome was time to progression by ≥ 1.0 EDSS point (0.5 point if EDSS score was 6.0 to 6.5 at entry)- confirmed at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included mean change in EDSS score from baseline, relapse- related measures, MRI activity, and a standardized neuropsychological function test. Results: There was no significant difference in time to confirmed progression of EDSS scores between placebo- treated patients and either of the IFNβ - 1b treatment groups. However, IFNβ - 1b treatment resulted in improvement on secondary outcome measures involving clinical relapses, newly active MRI lesions, and accumulated burden of disease on T2- weighted MRI. Effects were similar for both IFNβ - 1b treatment groups. Neutralizing antibodies to IFNβ - 1b were detected in 23% of 250- μ g and 32% of 160- μ g/m2 recipients, but their presence did not consistently affect clinical or MRI outcomes. IFNβ - 1b was also well tolerated at both doses. Conclusions: Although no treatment benefit was seen on the time to confirmed progression of disability, relapse- and MRI- related outcomes showed significant benefit with both dosing regimens tested, a result consistent with the outcomes of earlier clinical trials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".