Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phylogenetic chronology,or phylochronology,has become an active research area in evolutionary biology.With phylogenetic divergence dates established for the evolutionary history,the biotic evolution and the phylogenetic steps may be comprehended in the context of the physical environmental changes during the earth history.It is emphasized herein that the integrative approach of fossil dates and the relaxed molecular clock techniques would yield a better picture of the evolutionary timescale or a more precise and more accurate phylochronograms for organism groups than if only fossil dates or only molecular timescales are considered.A consensus timescale with both molecular dates and fossil constraints is preferred and,furthermore,an interpretation for the evolutionary schemes thus established should be done in the context of the geological backgrounds;in other words,the evolutionary timescale is laid out as the timeframe for the coevolutionary history between life and the Earth's physical environment.We present recent development in molecular dating techniques based on the relaxed molecular clock concept and strategies in fossil calibration.Examples in recent development of animal phylochronology and estimation of the dates of early invertebrate animal landing are discussed with the integration of fossil dates,molecular chronology,and geological backgrounds.We stress the importance of fossil dates as the foundation for phylochronology and geological background as probable mechanisms for phylogenetic divergences or radiations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.037 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".