The influence of cardiopulmonary bypass flow characteristics on the clinical outcome of 1820 coronary bypass patients.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pulsatile perfusion is clinically beneficial for adult cardiac operations. METHODS: Data concerning consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary bypass surgery (n=1820) from January 1, 1997 to July 31, 1999 were reviewed. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifteen patients received pulsatile perfusion (PP) while perfusion in the remaining 905 patients was nonpulsatile (NP). Patients in the PP group were older (64.0 +/- 9.2 years versus 63.1 +/- 9.9 years) and experienced more of the following: urgent operations (42.4% versus 38.0%), preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (4.8% versus 1.8%), preoperative cerebrovascular accidents (CVA; 3.1% versus 1.3%) and renal insufficiency (10.5% versus 7.0%). The PP group had higher incidence of early postoperative mortality (2.6% versus 1.5%), CVA (3.1% versus 1.3%), need for dialysis (3.2% versus 2.2%) and longer hospital stay (9.2 +/- 8.3 days versus 8.5 +/- 5.8 days). The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction and renal dysfunction was similar in both groups (2.0% versus 2.2% and 3.3% versus 3.9% respectively; not significant). Because of the significant difference in preoperative parameters for the PP and NP groups, the following three statistical techniques were used to isolate the effect of perfusion characteristics on operative outcome: multiple regression, propensity score and risk stratification. Multivariate analysis did not find PP to be protective against mortality, morbidity and mortality, and CVA or for the development of postoperative renal dysfunction. When propensity score analysis was applied, the incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality was strongly associated with the quintile (first quintile 6.7%, fifth quintile 27.0%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis including quintiles did not find PP to be an independent predictor for mortality or for morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification was performed for age and for preoperative creatinine clearance levels. In all groups, PP did not seem to reduce the incidence of morbidity, morbidity and mortality, or the development of postoperative renal dysfunction. In patients with preoperative renal dysfunction, mean postoperative creatinine levels and the need for dialysis following surgery were similar in the PP and NP groups. CONCLUSION: Pulsatile flow does not appear to offer any clinical benefit over nonpulsatile flow for cardiac surgery patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".