Prediction of radiosensitivity by measurement of X-ray induced apoptosis in human blood using the comet assay.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine whether levels of radiation-induced apoptosis in human peripheral leukocytes could be used as a predictor of radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from venous blood and exposed to 0-3 Gy of X-rays. Apoptosis levels were measured at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure using the neutral comet assay. Intra-individual apoptotic response was measured using repeated blood samples from four healthy individuals. Inter-individual variation was investigated in whole blood, granulocytes and mononuclear cells from 8 radiotherapy patients (4 demonstrating a radiosensitive response and 4 demonstrating a normal response to radiation exposures). RESULTS: Amongst the four healthy individuals there was both inter- and intra-individual variation of about the same magnitude. However, when comparing the apoptotic response of the radiosensitive and normal patients, consistent trends were observed at all X-ray doses for all of the patients. CONCLUSION: This indicates that apoptosis has some potential as a predictive assay, however, large intra-individual variation exists. More studies are required to investigate the causes of intra-individual variation and how it might be minimized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".