Anodes Derived from Fluorite-Type and Perovskite-Type Metal Oxides for SOFCs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are alternative energy conversion devices, which deliver high quality power with a high efficiency using variety of fuels, including H2 and hydrocarbons. At present, composite Ni with Y-stabilised zirconia (YSZ) is widely used as an anode for SOFCs [1]. However, technical challenges due to coking and sulfur poisoning are yet to overcome when direct hydrocarbon-containing fuels are used. Ni not only possess good catalytic activity towards H2 oxidation and hydrocarbon reforming, it also catalyses carbon formation and poorly resists sulfur poisoning [2]. To overcome these problems, several alternatives such as Cu/CeO2/YSZ [3] and LSCM (La1-xSrxCr1-xMnxO3) [4] have been investigated. Though, these materials were able to resist coke and sulfur poisoning, they were not able to satisfy all the requirements of ideal SOFC anodes. In the present study, mixed ionic electronic conducting (MIECs) Ce0.8Y0.1Mn0.1O2- d and BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Ni and Co), and composite Ni and Ba0.5Sr0.5Ce0.6Zr0.2Gd0.1Y0.1O3-δ (BSCZGY) have been investigated as SOFC anodes. The cell performance of a button cell: Ce0.8Y0.1Mn0.1O2- d/Zr0.84Y0.16O2- d/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3+Zr0.84Y0.16O2- d was tested at 800 oC in 3 % H2O-H2 as a fuel and air as an oxidant. There was an obvious enhancement of the cell performance upon exposure to 10 ppm H2S-H2 for 48 h. Another area of the MIEC anodes development involves investigation of perovskite-type BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Ni and Co). The BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Ni0.1O3−δ compound shows a promising low polarization resistance of 0.4 Ω.cm2 at 800oC in H2. Low polarization resistance of the BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Ni0.1O3−δ perovskite, as a non-composite anode without any additional electron conductive phase, makes it a promising material for SOFC anodes. Proton conducting doped BaCeO3 materials is the frontrunners as electrolyte in the field of low temperature (400-700 oC) proton-SOFCs. A and B site co-doped Ba0.5Sr0.5Ce0.6Zr0.2Gd0.1Y0.1O3-δ has shown good chemical stability in CO2 and humid atmospheres at elevated temperature [5]. In the present work, anode performance of Ni-BSCZGY composites (with Ni: BSCZGY ratios as 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50) has been studied. Screen-printing and co-firing processes were employed to make symmetrical cell: Ni-BSCZGY/BSCZGY/Ni-BSCZGY. Area specific resistance (ASR), capacitance and activation energy values were studied to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the anode composites. 50:50 composite shows the lowest ASR value among the current investigated anode compositions (30:70 and 50:50). References 1) M. Ihara, T. Kusano and C. Yokoyama, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A209 (2001). 2) Zhe Cheng and Meilin Liu, Solid State Ionics, 178, 925 (2007). 3) H. Kim, S. Park, J.M. Vohs and R.J. Gorte, J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A693 (2001). 4) S. Tao and J.T.S. Irvine, Nature Letters, 2, 320 (2003). 5) R. Kannan, S. Gill, K. Singh, T. Fürstenhaupt and V. Thangadurai, Sci. Report, 3, 2138 (2013).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".