From genes to chronotypes: the influence of circadian clock genes on our daily patterns of sleep and wakefulness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The functions of circadian clocks and oscillators depend on a small number of genes. This collection of circadian clock genes forms an autoregulatory feedback loop, and provides the mechanism that underlies the operation of circadian clocks and oscillators in the brain and body (1). The resulting endogenous clocks and oscillators go on to drive diverse rhythms in behavior and physiology. Therefore, it was with some foresight that Hu et al . [2016] surveyed “23andMe” clients on their daily sleep-wake preferences, and performed an extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 89,283 individuals (2). Even with a relatively coarse self-reported measure of “morningness”, the authors were able to identify 15 loci that were associated with preferred wake times, and notably, many of these loci related back to known circadian clock genes. Taken together, this study provides important new evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located close to certain clock genes, are associated with meaningful changes in our innate circadian preferences to wake early or to sleep late.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".