Light Flashbacks During Retinal Laser Photocoagulation Following Fluorescein Angiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<H4>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</H4> <P>Yellow light flashbacks can often be seen in cases of laser photocoagulation performed shortly after fluorescein angiography. To determine whether unblocked secondary emission from retained aqueous and vitreous fluorescein may be reaching the treating ophthalmologist, the absorption characteristics of serial dilutions of sodium fluorescein were studied at wavelengths similar to the output of the krypton laser.</P> <H4>MATERIALS AND METHODS</H4> <P>A Unicam sp500 series II visible spectrophotometer (Pye Unicam Ltd., Cambridge, UK) was used to measure fluorescein absorption at serial dilutions ranging from 100,000,000 to 100 ng/mL at 488, 518, 568, and 647 nm.</P> <H4>RESULTS</H4> <P>Absorption decreased with progressive dilution of fluorescein concentration and with increased wavelength. Blue (488 nm) and green (518 nm) light absorbed at all dilutions of fluorescein. Yellow light (568 nm) did not show any significant absorption below a concentration of 100,000 ng/mL and red light (647 nm) absorbed little below a concentration of 3,000,000 ng/mL.</P> <H4>CONCLUSIONS</H4> <P>Dilutions of fluorescein absorbed all commonly used laser wavelengths. There is concern that fluorescein absorption results in emission of light at 520 nm (range: 450 to 700 nm), which may not be blocked by the filters currently placed in fixed laser delivery systems.</P> <P>[<CITE>Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging</CITE> 2007;38:491-496.]</P> <H4>AUTHORS</H4> <P>From Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</P> <P>Accepted for publication September 30, 2006.</P> <P>Presented as a poster at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 25-29, 2004.</P> <P>Address correspondence to Mark S. Mandelcorn, MD, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, 6th Floor, East Wing, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.</P>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".