Conquered into Liberty: Two Centuries of Battles along the Great Warpath That Made the American Way of War
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conquered into Liberty: Two Centuries of Battles Along Warpath that Made American Way of War by Eliot A. Cohen New York: Free Press, 2011 375 pages $30.00 [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] This engaging new book by Eliot A. Cohen recounts land reflects on imperial clashes for control of eastern North America along Great Warpath, corridor between Albany and Montreal. It was scene of numerous battles throughout colonial period, Revolutionary War, and War of 1812. Cohen takes us up and down Warpath with often fast-moving prose--the book is page-turner especially when it describes battles--and its sources, both primary and secondary, omit very few items and provide solid foundation. Though light on Canadian sources and perspectives, author has made good use of archives particularly in London and New England. A Prologue colorfully describes Warpath. Ten chapters then retell key battles from 1690 to 1814 and beyond. Frequently author points out how these battles shaped the American way of Cohen has walked (or sailed or climbed) most of places he writes about, as did great historian, Francis Parkman, and like Parkman, Cohen fills mind's eye with vivid landscape. To this reviewer, descriptions of battles and analyses of strategy and tactics are most engaging parts of book; lessons are thoughtful but sometimes arguable. First comes raid on Schenectady in February 1690 by about two hundred French and Indians from Montreal, killing most of inhabitants, carrying off others. raid itself occupies just couple of pages, but it is an entree to lucid discussion of French, English, and Indian strategy and tactics of late 17th and early 18th centuries. Here, Cohen draws his first lesson: [governor of New France] had, unwittingly, given birth to an enduring American notion about war. His Anglo-American opponents had concluded that war was not game of political advantage and statecraft, to be suspended from time to time by diplomacy and treaties but rather, brutal struggle, to be resolved by complete, crushing, and definitive victory. Ulysses S. Grant probably did more than Frontenac to instill this, but it is an intriguing connection. Subsequent chapters follow this pattern--a colorful lead-in event, description of battle, analysis of tactics and strategies, and lasting lessons. After Schenectady chapter come three on engagements during Seven Years (French and Indian) War: Montcalm's capture of Fort William Henry at southern tip of Lake George in 1757, meticulously described; then The Battle on Snowshoes, 1758, in which Robert Rogers of his eponymous Raiders suffered a debacle on western shore of Lake George; and thirdly, British failure in July 1758 to push outnumbered French out of Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga), because of superior siege defense and poor English intelligence. From this, Cohen writes, Americans formed low opinion of British generalship (fortified by Braddock's disaster of 1755 in west), giving colonials courage to take on British in 1775. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".