Results of the first onrab® safety and immunogenicity field trial in raccoons in the u.s.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A safety and immunogenicity field trial to evaluate a live recombinant human adenovirus (serotype 5)-rabies glycoprotein vaccine (ONRAB®) in raccoons and skunks was conducted in the U.S. in 2011. Approximately 80,000 Ultralite baits (Artemis Technologies, Guelph, ON, CAN) were distributed at 75 baits/km2 along 750m flight lines in 4, 127 km2 study areas in southeastern West Virginia, U.S. The bait was composed of a small blister pack that contained the ONRAB® vaccine with a waxy coating matrix of attractants impregnated with tetracycline biomarker, and camouflaged by a green dye. No phone calls from human or pet bait contacts were reported through a toll-free phone number provided on each bait. Low human population density may largely account for no reported bait contacts. No tissue abnormalities were observed in captive cottontail rabbits, opossums, fox squirrels, eastern wild turkeys, and woodrats at a 10x ONRAB® dose, and field histopathology results should be available in December 2012. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) was higher among raccoons (P<0.05) in post-ONRAB® samples (49.4%, n=296) than in naive pre-ORV samples (9.6%, n=395). Biomarker was higher (P<0.05), among post-ONRAB® raccoons sampled, an indication of vaccine-induced RVNA’s. The 49.4% RVNA population level in raccoons is the highest observed in the U.S. for a first time oral rabies vaccine distribution event. Skunk sample size was inadequate to assess ONRAB® effects. Field trial results warranted replication and expansion in 2012 to assess raccoon population immunity from a second ONRAB® trial in four more states, including Ohio urbansuburban habitats. These collaborative trials, which will continue to bring together multiple disciplines from county, state, federal and international jurisdictions in the spirit of One Health, should provide a basis to determine if ONRAB® is suited to achieve raccoon rabies management goals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it