Adsorption of Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions by Edible Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fungal organisms can remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Macro fungi such as Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes (shiitake), commonly called mushrooms, are edible and are grown commercially. Laboratory batch studies were conducted at room temperature (21 ± 1°C) to determine the potential of these fungal biomasses for adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions containing 1 mg/L cadmium. Results from batch studies showed that biomasses prepared from A. bisporus and L. edodes had good potential for removing cadmium from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of A. bisporus and L. edodes for uptake of cadmium from aqueous solutions was 2.08 and 0.716 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium time for adsorption was found to be 6 and 1 h for A. bisporus and L. edodes, respectively. 68% cadmium removal was achieved with A. bisporus and 45% with L. edodes. The optimum initial pH was found to be 6.0 and 5.0 for A. bisporus and L. edodes, respectively. Isotherm studies suggested that cadmium adsorption by both the mushrooms followed the Freundlich isotherm. Desorption of cadmium from mushrooms by dilute HCl was minimal (19%), but rapid.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".