Thermal balance effects on vigilance during 2-hour exposures to -20 degrees C.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Human mental performance is markedly affected by environmental temperature, body temperature, body heat content, and comfort, but the effects of these different factors are not entirely clear. A liquid conditioning garment (LCG) can be used to manipulate these factors independently. We hypothesized that cold exposure (coldEX) has negative effects on vigilance which can be alleviated by increasing body heat content throughout or prior to coldEX. METHODS: Subjects (n = 10) were tested for vigilance during a 130-min coldEX to -20 degrees C while warmly clothed; a period of moderate exercise occurred at minutes 64-74. An LCG was used to provide heating either before coldEX (prior heating, PH) or throughout coldEX (heating, H); the control condition involved no heating (NH). RESULTS: There were significant differences among conditions for rectal temperature (PH: 37.3 +/- 0.26 degrees C, H: 37.0 +/- 0.24 degrees C, NH: 37.05 +/- 0.26 degrees C) and mean skin temperature (PH: 33.85 +/- 1.21 degrees C, H: 35.11 +/- 1.35 degrees C, NH: 32.84 +/- 0.65 degrees C). Reaction time decreased significantly after the 45th minute of coldEX in H and NH. At the same time, signal detection criteria in all conditions demonstrated considerable alterations, indicating bias in favor of 'target-present' responses, which were associated with lower mean skin temperature and thermal comfort vote. PH was more effective than H and NH in preserving reaction time and response consistency. Relative to men, women demonstrated increased heat loss and more deteriorated vigilance and signal detection. CONCLUSION: Vigilance deteriorates in cold conditions within 45 min of exposure. Increasing body heat content prior to coldEX is efficacious in preserving vigilance performance during exposures lasting up to 2 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".