Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pancreatic disease may be caused by or co-exist with celiac disease.In this setting, endocrine and exocrine changes may occur.As a result, superimposed, severe clinical changes with marked nutritional alteration may result.Importantly, however, in some, endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function may be improved with a gluten-free diet.Early studies from Europe and the Americas have shown that celiac disease patients have an increased prevalence rate of type 1 diabetes mellitus [1][2][3][4].In part, this relationship was possibly due to sharing of the human leukocyte antigen alleles, DR3, and by linkage disequilibrium, DQ2 [5].Besides this hypothesized common "immune-mediated" etiopathogenesis, some celiacs with pancreatic disease likely have developed diabetic changes secondarily due to severe exocrine pancreatic failure, in part, related to celiac-induced protein malnutrition.To further evaluate the prevalence rate of type 1 diabetes in celiac disease, prospective studies using an initial screening IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody assay (tTG) were done at our center in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus [6].A total of 125 male and 108 female patients were evaluated from an established pediatric diabetes clinic.Of these, 15 male and 11 female patients had elevated tTG titers, of whom 19 were also positive for endomysial antibodies.Among these cases, 1 was already known to have celiac disease.Small intestinal biopsies were done in the other 18 children positive for both antibodies.In all, histopathological changes consistent with celiac disease were detected, ranging from increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes to severe crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy (i.e., so-called Marsh 3 lesion).Studies also suggested that serial tTG titers in insulindependent diabetic children might play a useful clinical role in monitoring compliance to a gluten-free diet, possibly of value since close monitoring of compliance of children to a glutenfree diet may be exceedingly diffi cult.In this study, over 40% of diabetic children were asymptomatic, and yet, prospective serological screening facilitated selection for small intestinal biopsy evaluation.Overall, 7.7% of this entire pediatric patient population proved to have typical biopsy features of celiac disease.Remarkably, this rate was confi rmed in a more recent
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".