The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Reducing the Neuropathy Pain Symptoms in Hispanics with Type‐2 Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects the including omega 3 fatty acids supplement on neuropathy pain symptoms among Hispanics with type‐2 diabetes. Methods Hispanic patients with type −2 diabetes (males n=16, females (n=24) were recruited from local community organizations. Participants were enrolled in EN BALANCE PLUS, three‐month culturally sensitive diabetes education program. As part of the program, patients were requested to take one gram of omega 3 supplementation daily. Subjects completed demographic, physical activity, and dietary habits questionnaires at baseline and after three months in the program. Weekly phone calls were made to assure participants compliance. Neuropathy pain assessment was done using the short form McGill pain questionnaire. A pain diagram was used to determine the location and the intensity of the pain. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were obtained from the subjects at baseline and after three months. Paired t‐test was used to evaluate change in pain at different body locations at baseline and after three months. The change was assessed of the total number of body locations in McGill pain questionnaire and pain diagram multiplied by the number of participants who reported pain in those locations at baseline and after three months. Paired t‐test was also used to evaluate the change in HbA1c after the 3‐month intervention. We adjusted for the dietary omega 3 using paired t‐test for the difference between the baseline and after the intervention. LOG transformation was used to meet the Paired t‐test normality assumption. The study was approved by the Loma Linda University Institutional Review Board. Results We found a significant reduction in the proportion of participants who reported neuropathy pain compared to baseline at the end of the three months of participating in the program (68% vs. 39%, p=0.0034), respectively. With respect to the severity of the pain, the percentage of subjects that reported moderate and severe pain at baseline dropped significantly after three months to mild or no pain status (35% vs. 12.5%, p=0.0051) respectively. Participants also reported a reduction of neuropathy symptoms in the limbs. Although it is not significant (p=0.08), interestingly, the percentage of participants reporting having pain in the limbs went down from 30% at baseline to 15% after three months. Further, at the end of the three‐month study the number of body locations reported by all participants exhibiting neuropathy pain dropped to 108 (mean difference of 3.31, p<0.0001). These findings were accompany with a significant reduction in HbA1c (0.56, p=0.016). Conclusion Our findings support the inclusion of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation in health education intervention programs to reduce neuropathic pain in patient with type 2 diabetes. Support or Funding Information National Institutes On Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH. Project # 5P20MD006988
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".