Pseudo-dynamic carbonation for concrete curing and carbon storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete demonstrates the capacity to absorb carbon dioxide. The reaction between concrete and carbon dioxide accelerates concrete curing at early age and converts CO2 into calcium carbonate for carbon storage. As-captured flue gas without recovery can be directly used in this application. Because of low CO2 concentration in flue gas, a pseudo-dynamic carbonation process was developed with multiple injection and releasing cycles. The effect of process parameters on carbon uptake and strength gain was examined. It was found that, with a flue gas of 25% CO2 concentration and 2-hour carbonation, cement paste could uptake CO2 of 8-11% based on cement content in immediate carbonation and concrete could absorb CO2 at 7-9% after 18-hour initial curing. The maximum possible carbon uptake from flue gas carbonation was also determined. It was about 15-17% based on cement mass. While immediate carbonation could significantly enhance the early strength, carbonation after initial curing did not improve significantly the late strength.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".