Susceptibility of myotis lucifugus to heterologous and homologous rabies viruses
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rabies virus (RV) maintenance in bats is not well understood. Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis lucifugus , and Tadarida brasiliensis are the most common bats species in the US. These colonial bat species also have the most frequent contact with humans and domestic animals. However, the Lasionycteris noctivagans/ Perimyotis subflavus (Ln/Ps) RV is associated with the majority of human rabies virus infections in the United States and Canada. This is of interest because the L. noctivagans and P. subflavus bat species are more solitary bats with less frequent human interaction. Our interest was to determine the likelihood of a colonial bat species becoming infected with and transmitting a heterologous RV. To determine the potential of heterologous RV infection in colonial bat species, M. lucifugus bats were inoculated with a homologous or one of two heterologous ( E. fuscus and L. n octivagan s) RV. Additionally, to determine if the route of exposure influenced the disease process, bats were inoculated either intramuscularly (i.m.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) with a homologous or heterologous RV. Bats were observed for 6 months. Survivors were challenged i.m. with a homologous RV and observed for an additional 6 months. Our results demonstrate intramuscular inoculation results in a more rapid progression of disease onset as compared to a significantly longer incubation time in bats inoculated s.c. Additionally, cross protection was not consistently achieved in bats previously inoculated with a heterologous RV following a six month challenge with a homologous RV. Finally, bats that developed rabies following s.c. inoculation were significantly more likely to shed virus in their saliva and demonstrated increased viral tissue tropism. In summary, bats inoculated via the s.c. route are more likely to shed virus thus increasing the potential for transmission.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it