Assessing the genetic diversity in onion ( <i>Allium cepa</i> L.) landraces from northwest Spain and comparison with the European variability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fifteen onion landraces from Galicia (northwest Spain) were characterised with a set of 25 microsatellite markers and the genetic variability harboured by this collection was compared with the surrounding diversity by comparison with a representative panel of European onion landraces. Twenty markers were polymorphic allowing the detection of 121 alleles. Ninety‐one of these were identified in the Galician group (average of 4.6 distinct alleles per locus) and 9% of the total number of alleles were recorded as unique alleles specifically contributed by onion landraces from northwest Spain. High values of observed and expected heterozygosities were detected for the majority of loci. Wright’s fixation index confirmed an excess of heterozygotes and a low level of inbreeding, suggesting that high levels of heterogeneity have accumulated within landraces. Multivariate and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that Galician onions possessed a specific genomic composition different from that found in European landraces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".