Bioconcentration of Dissolved Organic Compounds from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water by Medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>): Importance of Partitioning to Phospholipids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complex mixture of dissolved organics in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is acutely lethal to fish at environmentally relevant concentrations, but few bioconcentration factors (BCFs) have been measured for its many chemical species. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 10% OSPW, and measured BCFs were evaluated against predicted BCFs from octanol-water distribution ratios (DOW) and phospholipid membrane-water distribution ratios (DMW). Two heteroatomic chemical classes detected in positive ion mode (SO(+), NO(+)) and one in negative mode (O2(-), also known as naphthenic acids) had the greatest DMW values, as high as 10 000. Estimates of DMW were similar to and correlated with DOW for O(+), O2(+), SO(+), and NO(+) chemical species, but for O2(-) and SO2(-) species the DMW values were much greater than the corresponding DOW, suggesting the importance of electrostatic interactions for these ionizable organic acids. Only SO(+), NO(+), and O2(-) species were detectable in medaka exposed to OSPW, and BCFs for SO(+) and NO(+) species ranged from 0.6 to 28 L/kg, lower than predicted (i.e., 1.4-1.7 × 10(3) L/kg), possibly because of biotransformation of these hydrophobic substances. BCFs of O2(-) species ranged from 0.7 to 53 L/kg, similar to predicted values and indicating that phospholipid partitioning was an important bioconcentration mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".