Characterization of Microvesicles in Septic Shock Using High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Endothelial pathology is considered to play a key role in septic shock. Since endothelial-derived microvesicles (MV) are elevated in various diseases associated with endothelial pathology, they are considered surrogate markers of the endothelial state. By analyzing the signature of circulating MV with high-sensitivity flow cytometry (hsFC), we wanted to test the hypothesis whether endothelial-derived MV are increased in septic shock. METHODS: MV in blood from healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock treated in a medical intensive care unit were quantified by hsFC, which has an improved detection limit of approximately 0.3 μm. RESULTS: Patients with septic shock (n = 30) showed 3-fold higher levels of CD31+/CD41- MV (58.5 (26.4-101.2) [median (25th-75th percentile)] vs. 19.5 (12.8-25.4) MV/μL; P <0.001) compared with healthy volunteers (n = 18). Absolute counts of CD144+, CD62E+, and CD106+ MV, specific for endothelial-derived MV, were low in all groups. The number of CD31+/CD41- MV correlated significantly with leukocyte count (rs = 0.64; P <0.001). Platelet-derived CD41+ MV were significantly elevated in the group dying within 48 h after inclusion (639.1 (321.3-969.7) vs. 221.5 (119.5-456.9) MV/μL; P = 0.037). Patients dying within 48 h had also significantly higher levels of CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV (51.9 (24.9-259.8) vs. 18.9 (9.7-31) MV/μL; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Despite an improved detection limit for MV by using hsFC, counts of endothelial-specific MV are unexpectedly low in patients with septic shock. Increased amounts of CD41+ and CD31+/CD41-/AnnexinV- MV indicate release by activated platelets and possibly leukocytes correlating with unfavorable outcome.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it