Visualization of PCP Defects in the Eye and Wing of Drosophila melanogaster
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"Tissue" or "planar" polarity is a characteristic of many epithelial tissues and is not only required for proper cell alignment, but in many instances is absolutely essential for normal function. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is the polarization of cells within the plane of an epithelium in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the apico-basal polarity. The oriented hair alignment in mammalian skin (feather in birds or scales in fish) and highly organized stereocilia bundles in the vertebrate inner ear are examples of such tissue organization. PCP was first described in Drosophila, with non-canonical Wnt signaling (also called PCP signaling, see Chapter 10, Volume 1) shown to be critical for its establishment. Two of the best characterized PCP models in Drosophila are the developing wing and the eye, where the graded activity of the Frizzled (Fz) receptor determines proximo-distal orientation of the wing hairs and mirror-imaged patterning of ommatidia, respectively. In this chapter, we describe simple methods to visualize PCP defects in the Drosophila eye and wing, in both developing and adult tissues. These methods include confocal immunofluorescent analysis of larval or pupal tissues, stained with antibodies specific to PCP components or cytoskeleton markers, and light microscopy of the adult eye and wing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".