The significance of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant induced by IL-6, may be a prognostic marker in SSc. The goal of this systematic review was to address the significance and clinical application of IL-6 and CRP in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: A literature search was conducted to identify English-language original articles within PubMed, Scopus, and Medline database from inception to May 30, 2013 using keywords 'systemic sclerosis or scleroderma and C-reactive protein or interleukin-6'. RESULTS: The search resulted in 156 relevant articles. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene-gene interactions affect SSc predisposition, manifestation and expression of IL-6. Studies in animal models show IL-6 and IL-6 trans-signalling are involved in SSc disease development. Derangements of T and B cells function regulate IL-6 in SSc pathogenesis. Fibroblasts, T/B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells participate in IL-6 expression and interact with each other resulting in tissue sclerosis. Up-regulation of serum IL-6 and CRP levels are evident in SSc patients and associated with disease activity, severity, disability, worse outcome and reduced survival. Targeted IL-6 therapy in SSc has occurred in small cases series and within a multi-site trial that is under way. CONCLUSIONS: Studies show IL-6 and CRP are important in SSc both in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations and may be useful indicators of disease activity, severity, and poor prognosis. IL-6 could be a relevant treatment target in SSc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".