Pheochromocytoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs)10 are catecholamine-secreting tumors derived from chromaffin tissue of the adrenal medulla. Closely related tumors, called extraadrenal paragangliomas (PGL), can arise at extraadrenal sites. Catecholamine secretion from these tumors is often episodic, causing headache, perspiration, palpitations, and hypertension. If not recognized and treated, PCC and PGL (PPGL) can lead to arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. The diagnosis of PPGL relies on biochemical evidence of excess catecholamine secretion and confirmation of tumor presence by imaging studies. Although many different biochemical tests have historically been used in screening for PPGL, measurements of the catecholamine breakdown products metanephrine and normetanephrine in plasma and urine are now regarded as the first-line tests. Florid increases of either of these metabolites are associated with a nearly 100% probability of PPGL. However, it can be challenging to differentiate between true-positive and false-positive results when metanephrine or normetanephrine concentrations are only slightly above the upper limit of the respective reference interval.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".