Morphological variations of Hymeniacidon perlevis in north Atlantic and China Yellow Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sponges (Porifera) are among the most diverse phylum of the 28\naquatic invertebrate phyla, in terms of the numbers of species and\ntheir morphological characters (Hooper and Van Soest, 2002). The\nsponge polymorphism (i.e. morphological variations) is often considerable,\nwhich has been suggested to be related to environmental\nimpacts (Bell and Barnes, 2000; Palumbi, 1986; Meroz-Fine et al.,\n2005). As one of the most common species in the tidal and shallow\nsub-tidal waters of Europe, Hymeniacidon perlevis was firstly\ndescribed in 1818. We have reported since 2002 the occurrence of\nH. perlevis in China Yellow Sea of Northern China. It is of interest\nto compare the morphological and spicule characteristics between\nthese two species in order to understand the polymorphism of H.\nperlevis. Spicules were prepared by dissolution of the soft tissue\nof sponge fragments in nitric acid and studied by light microscopy\nafter mounting in Canada balsam on slides and by SEM after sputtering\non stubs, respectively. In the two specimens, the spicules\nare all style type (monaxon spicule with one end pointed, the\nother blunt), however distinctive differences were observed in the\nspicule dimensions. The spicule size of H. perlevis from Atlantic\nOcean is 100–520 m in length and 1.6–8.8 m in width; while\nthe H. perlevis from China Yellow Sea is 110–390 m in length and\n1.6–9.6 m in width. In Atlantic specimen, the spicules in cortex\nare smaller than outer layer. The average size of spicules in cortex\nis 247.55±5.29 mto 268.75±5.9 min length, 4.03±0.08 mto\n4.10±0.08 m in width, while the size of spicules in choanosomal\nis 278.61±6.36 m to 259±6.05 m in length, 4.27±0.10 m to\n4.16±0.10 m in width. In China Yellow Sea specimen, the spicule\nsize in cortex is 224.33±3.29 m to 224.47±3.11 m in length,\n4.52±0.12 m to 4.60±0.10 m in width, while the spicule size\nin choanosomal is 221.87±3.26 m to 221.28±3.36 m in length,\n4.26±0.10 m to 4.60±0.12 m in width, One-way ANOVA show\nthe differences are not significant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".