Interpretation of soil property profile from limited measurement data: a compressive sampling perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variation of soil properties with depth, i.e., the soil property profile, is a key input in geotechnical design and analysis, and it is determined during geotechnical site characterization. Determination of such a soil property profile requires extensive measurement data points from site characterization. However, the number of measurement data points from geotechnical site characterization is usually sparse and limited. As such, determining the soil property profile from a limited number of measurement points remains a challenge to geotechnical engineers. In engineering practice, the soil property profile is frequently determined with the assistance of engineering experience and judgment or statistical methods when only limited measurement data are available. Because both methods inevitably involve either subjectivity or assumptions that might contradict reality, the derived profile might not reflect the real variation of soil properties with depth. This paper aims to address this problem and develop an objective and rational approach to interpret the soil property profile from limited measurement data. The proposed approach is based on a novel sampling theory, called compressive sampling (or compressive sensing, CS), in mathematics and signal processing. Using compressive sampling, a high-resolution signal (e.g., a soil property profile in this study) can be reconstructed from a limited number of measurement data points. The reconstructed soil property profile is nearly continuous and has a resolution as high as cone penetration test (CPT) data. As it contains a large number of data points, conventional statistical methods can be applied easily. In this paper, the proposed approach is illustrated and validated using a set of real CPT data (i.e., tip resistance, qc). The results show that the proposed approach reasonably reconstructs the complete qc profiles from a limited number of qc data points.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".