Application of DEM to Historic Masonries, Two Case-Studies in Portugal and Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two engineering applications of the Distinct Element Method to the analysis of historic masonries are presented. In particular, the commercial software UDEC, which implements DEM in a variety of engineering problems, is here used to analyze the Águas Livres aqueduct in Lisbon (Portugal) and multi-leaf masonry arch-tympana carrying systems of a basilica in Como (Italy). When dealing with the aqueduct, the most important portion of the structure is modeled and loaded with some accelerograms to evaluate its seismic vulnerability as well as the most critical zones. The second example analyzes the arch-tympana carrying system of a church in Italy. They present an unusual building technology, relying into a multiple-leaf arch, and a tympanum, made by a mixture of bad quality mortar and small stones. Again the structure is discretized into distinct elements and the load carrying capacity under dynamic excitation is evaluated, discussing the role played by the infill.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".