Impact of Sulfur Loading on Brominated Biomass Ash on Mercury Capture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brominated carbon injection is a commonly applied technology for capture of mercury in flue gases emitted from coal-fired power plants. However, a previous study has shown leaching potential of mercury (Hg) and bromine (Br) from brominated carbon sorbents, with recommendations to reduce Br concentration in the sorbents. To reduce the Br content required on the sorbent, a strategy of coimpregnation of sulfur and Br was employed in this study. Sulfur (S) loading was found to increase the mercury uptake by the sorbent, with the maximum uptake occurring at a S:Sorbent mass ratio of 1:20. Co-loading of a low concentration of bromine (0.7–0.9%) to the sulfur-loaded sample further improved mercury capture by the sorbent and appeared to have a synergistic effect on Hg removal. Leaching tests confirmed that combining both Br and S onto the sorbent reduced the leaching potential of Br and Hg from the spent sorbent material. In addition, analysis of Hg X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) revealed a mixed Hg–Br, Hg–S, and Hg–C binding environment on the sorbent coimpregnated with bromine and sulfur.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".