Innate Immune B Cell Activation by Leishmania donovani Exacerbates Disease and Mediates Hypergammaglobulinemia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Participation of B cells in the immune response by various antibody-independent mechanisms has recently been uncovered. B cells producing cytokines have been described for several infections and appear to regulate the adaptive immune response. B cell activation by Leishmania donovani results in disease exacerbation. How Leishmania activates B cells is still unknown. We show that L. donovani amastigotes activate B cells by triggering endosomal TLRs; this activation leads to the induction of various cytokines. Cytokine expression is completely abrogated in B cells from Ifnar(-/-) mice upon exposure to L. donovani, suggesting an involvement of IFN-I in a positive feedback loop. IFN-I also appears to enhance the expression of endosomal TLRs following exposure to L. donovani. Cell-specific ablation of endosomal TLR signaling in B cells revealed that innate B cell activation by L. donovani is responsible for disease exacerbation through IL-10 and IFN-I production and for the promotion of hypergammaglobulinemia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".