Intraparotid neurofibroma: review of the literature.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To perform a literature review of intra-parotid neurofibromas. These tumours present a challenge because of their risk of malignant transformation and their high probability of operative facial nerve compromise. DESIGN: A description of one case of intraparotid neurofibroma. A systematic MEDLINE review was performed to document all reported cases. SETTING: Pediatric tertiary care centre. METHODS: An 14-month-old boy was referred with a nontender right-sided 4 × 2.5 cm preauricular mass, which was slowly increasing in size for 8 months. No facial nerve compromise was present. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: During superficial parotidectomy, the mass was found to involve the facial nerve and complete resection was performed, on which a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak originating from the stylomastoid foramen occurred. Mastoidectomy revealed an intramastoid division of the facial nerve. The leak coming from the facial nerve was successfully controlled with anastomosis of the major division with the distal nerves. RESULTS: Histopathologic analysis revealed a diffuse neurofibroma. Twenty-two previous cases of intraparotid neurofibroma have been described, although this is the first reported case of the diffuse subtype. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration was inconclusive, and incisional biopsy was dangerous. CONCLUSION: It seems prudent to delay surgery for asymptomatic pediatric patients with facial neurofibroma. Surgery with primary facial nerve grafting is an effective option for patients with facial function of grade III or worse or when the tumour is large, disfiguring, and aggressive. Potential complications of treatment vary depending on the location of the tumour. These include disease recurrence, facial nerve compromise, and CSF leak.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".