Differential morphometric and ultrastructural remodelling in the left atrium and left ventricle in rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) is associated with left atrial (LA) but not left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether differences in wall tension correlate with the differential ultrastructural remodelling in the LA and LV chambers, changes in ultrastructure, systolic function and wall tension (an index of wall stress) were compared in dogs after RVP (n=7) and with no RVP (n=9). RESULTS: Compared with dogs with no RVP (controls), dogs with RVP had increased collagen volume fraction (5.3% versus 8.3%), myocyte cross-sectional area (245 versus 366 microm(2)) and hydroxyproline (222 versus 323 microg/mg protein) in the LA (all P<0.05), but not in the LV. The increase in systolic wall tension produced by RVP was greater in the LA (five versus 43 units, P<0.0004) than in the LV (227 versus 290 units, P<0.01) chambers and correlated closely with the collagen volume fraction (r=0.87), which in turn correlated with myocyte cross-sectional area (r=0.98). In the left atrium, wall tension correlated with wall stress (r=0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that differential wall tension may provide the stimulus for differential ultrastructural remodelling (with more hypertrophy and collagen) between LA and LV chambers in RVP-induced cardiomyopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".