Soil fertility alters susceptibility of young clonal plantlets of birch (<i>Betula pendula</i>) to a dipteran stem miner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larvae of Phytobia betulae Kangas (Diptera: Agromyzidae) mine within the differentiating xylem tissue near the vascular cambium of birch trees. These larvae start in the canopy and move toward the base of the stem, leaving permanent brown tunnels in the wood. The aim of this study was to test whether young clones of European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) exhibit differences in susceptibility to Phytobia, whether altered growth media (soil fertility) and the subsequent growth reaction affect the susceptibility of birch to Phytobia, and whether there is genotype × environment interaction. Soil fertility levels of 2-year-old micropropagated plantlets of nine birch clones were manipulated in two experiments. The growth and size of the plantlets were measured and the density of Phytobia was estimated from larval tunnels (pith flecks). Phenotypic variation (nutrient effect) influenced the occurrence of Phytobia. Phytobia densities were significantly higher on plantlets grown at high soil fertility levels than on plantlets with the lowest soil fertility level. Clonal effects were detected in only one experiment. In general, Phytobia favoured birch clones with larger diameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".