TRADE DURING 1908-1910 PERIOD BETWEEN OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND SOUTH AFRICA WHICH WAS UNDER THE BRITISH INFLUENCE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article which we examine the trade during 1908-1910 period between Ottoman Empire and South Africa which was under the British influence, we first presented a brief history of the commercial relations between Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdom. After that, we gave some information about the economic and commercial structure of South Africa. During our research, we have benefited from two unpublished reports written by two Ottoman consuls. According to the reports written by the head consul of Johannesburg and honorary consul of Cape Town and sent to the Ottoman capital, production volume of South Africa increased throughout the period we have examined. Throughout the period in question that the increase in both agricultural production volume and husbandry production volume and accordingly an increase in foreign trade volume, we have tried to collect data regarding the Ottoman merchants’ behaviors. In an environment that Japanese, German and American merchants competed with each other, unfortunately Ottoman merchants could not present a competitive power. Despite Ottoman merchants’ weak competitive power, the trade between Ottoman Empire and South Africa increased every year. There were even significant efforts to grow Ottoman tobacco in South Africa. According to the statistics gathered from the reports, we have found some information about the goods and the amounts and values of those goods that were traded between two countries. Despite their incompleteness and discrepancies, these statistics will still be very valuable for further research in the field.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".