Damage and failure prediction in Alumina Tri-Hydrate/Epoxy core composite sandwich panels subjected to impact loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports an experimental and numerical analysis of the impact behavior of composite sandwich panels. An innovative sandwich construction with an ATH/Epoxy core (i.e. epoxy resin filled with alumina tri-hydrate (ATH) particles) and non-crimp glass fabric fibre-reinforced epoxy face-sheets was subjected to impact loads. Explicit nonlinear finite elements model was developed to predict the damage characteristics in both the face-sheets and core. The obtained numerical results were compared with the test data to assess the effectiveness of the proposed model. A good correlation with respect to the contact force and energy-time relationships, permanent deformation, and impact-induced damage was achieved. The contribution of each component of the sandwich structure to its energy absorption capabilities was also evaluated. It was found, for an impact energy of 21J, that the energy dissipated in the ATH/Epoxy core is almost two times more than that dissipated in the face-sheets. The important role of the core material for reducing face-sheet damage was identified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".